an empirical relationship between hydraulic gradient and the viscous flow of water in the saturated zone of a porous medium under conditions of laminar flow. The flux of vapors through the voids of the vadose zone can be related to a pressure gradient through the air permeability by Darcy's Law.
Debt instrument evidencing the holder's right to receive interest and principal installments from the named obligor. Applies to all forms of unsecured, long-term debt evidenced by a certificate of debt.
Except for land, asses wear out. The value goes down and can be deducted from your business as an expense. Present values of assets are shown as original cost less depreciation. Market value, or the price you could sell it for, could differ from this figure.
A portion of the cost of a business’ capital equipment that may be deducted from annual gross profits as an operating expense. There are several types of accounting methods for determining depreciation including straight line and accelerated. Both assume that the capital equipment has a “useful life” after which time it has only minimal value (salvage value). The cost of the equipment, minus any salvage value, is deducted over the course of its useful life. In straight line depreciation the original cost minus the salvage value is divided by the number of years of useful life into equal dollar amounts. These amounts are deducted each year as an operating expense throughout the useful life period (in some cases five, but more typically ten to fifteen years). In accelerated depreciation different formulas can be used to provide larger dollar amounts in the early years of useful life. The amount of depreciation deducted as an expense declines over time. Two of the more common types of accelerated depreciation include double-declining-balance depreciation and sum-of-the-year’s-digits depreciation. Each method of depreciation offers particular benefits. Consult your accountant for advice on which is best for your operation.
the process by which molecules in a single phase equilibrate to a zero concentration gradient by random molecular motion (Brownian motion). The flux of molecules is from regions of high concentration to low concentration and is governed by Fick's Second Law.